3. Modern politics practices the politics of reconciliation, which holds an optimistic view of society and the belief that disagreements can be resolved through reasoned debate. The politics of class warfare holds that society is composed of classes of people with fundamentally different interests which cannot be bridged through discourse. Therefore, the latter is about fulfilling the interests of one class to the detriment of their classes.

In the context of international finance and sovereign debt, a "haircut" refers to a reduction in the principal amount of debt that a debtor country owes to its creditors. For example, if a country owes $100 million and creditors agree to a 20% haircut, the country will only need to repay $80 million. Maturity extensions, on the other hand, involve lengthening the period over which the debtor country must repay its debt. For instance, if a debt is due in 5 years, a maturity extension might push this deadline to 15 years.

A worker co-operative is a firm owned, and controlled democratically, by its workers.

The Maradona Theory of Interest Rates suggests that central banks can achieve their objectives (e.g. controlling inflation) by manipulating market expectations rather than implementing actual monetary policy. An example of this was when the Chairman of the Federal Reserve announced the policy rate was not changing - but discussions were on going about future changes.

2. False consciousness arguments accuse people of holding particular beliefs because they have been misled, typically by individuals or institutions who want to exploit them. Accusing working class MAGA supporters in the US of voting against their interests because they are uninformed and have been misled, for example, would be a false consciousness argument.

2. For the purposes of this debate, the "knowledge approach" and the "talent approach" are two different models for generating classroom engagement and respect for teachers. The "knowledge approach" emphasises that teachers are more knowledgeable than students because they have spent more time thinking, reading, and writing about what they are teaching. The "talent approach" emphasises that teachers have unique pedagogical talent and insight.

1. Benny Gantz is the leader of the Isreali opposition party. In the wake of October 7th he joined a unified war time cabinet with Netanyahu's right-wing coalition.